The Family and Women’s Economic Disadvantage

TANAKA S. <http://www.sal.tohoku.ac.jp/~tsigeto/>
(Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University)

Author: TANAKA Sigeto

Date: 2010-03-23

ISBN: 978-4-86163-135-1

NCID: BB01803690

Language: ENG

ReMCat: {2010:9784861631351}

Full-text PDF file

• Full-Text PDF File (16 pages, 250 kb)

This file is made from manuscripts before proofreading. It is therefore not identical with the chapter of the published book.

Table of contents

1. Introduction
   • 1-1. Micro and macro levels in distributive justice
   • 1-2. Institutionalization of equality
   • 1-3. Micro-macro linkage
2. Measurement of the economic disadvantages of women
   • 2-1. Data
   • 2-2. Equivalent household income
   • 2-3. Gender gap in equivalent household income
3. Failure of the family?
   • 3-1. Perspectives for further analyses
   • 3-2. Literature on gender gap in post-divorce life
4. Factors determining economic status following divorce
   • 4-1. Variables used
   • 4-2. Multiple linear regression analysis
   • 4-3. Summary of the results
5. Discussion
   • 5-1. Restructuring the family system
   • 5-2. Plural policies and micro-macro linkage

List of tables

• Table 1. Synopsis of NFRJ03
• Table 2. Log equivalent household income by sex and marital experience
• Table 3. Descriptive statistics for regression analysis (for those who experienced divorce)
• Table 4. Regression analysis of log equivalent household income (for those who experienced divorce)

References

• Abe, Koji, and Murayama, Shiho, 2009, “Koukousei no shinro shibou to oya kara no kyouiku kitai no jikeiretsu-teki bunseki [A Time Series Analysis on Educational Aspiration of High-school Students and Their Parents],” in Kimura, Kunihiro (ed.), Kyouiku to shakai ni taisuru koukousei no ishiki: Dai 6 ji chousa houkokusho [Attitudes of High-school Student towards Education and Society]. Sendai: Touhoku Daigaku Kyouiku Bunka Kenkyuukai, pp. 49-66.
• Becker, Gary S., 1991, A Treatise on the Family; Enlarged Edition. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
• Brinton, Mary C., 1993, Women and the Economic Miracle : Gender and Work in Postwar Japan. Berkeley : University of California Press.
• England, Paula, and Kilbourne, Barbara S., 1990, “Markets, Marriages, and Other Mates,” in Friedland, Roger and Robertson, A. F., (eds.), Beyond the Marketplace. New York : Aldine de Gruyter.
• Fujiwara, Chisa, 2005, “Single Parenthood, Paid Work, and Social Class in Contemporary Japan,” Shakai-seisaku Gakkai Shi [Journal of Social Policy and Labor Studies], 13, pp. 161–175.
• Gender Equality Bureau, Cabinet Office n.d., “The Basic Law for a Gender-equal Society (Law No. 78 of 1999) (Tentative Translation in English),” <http://www.gender.go.jp/english_contents/basic_law/>, accessed on August 2, 2009.
• Hamamoto, Chizuka, 2005, “Living Status of Households with Mother and Children and Policies Aimed at Their Support,” Quarterly of Social Security Research, 41(2), pp. 96-110.
• Hirao, Keiko, 2008, “Changing Patterns of Educational Investment for Women in Japan,” Kyouiku Shakaigaku Kenkyuu [The Journal of Educational Sociology], 82, pp. 89-107.
• Iwata, Masami, 2005, “Seisaku to hinkon [Policy and Poverty],” in Iwata, Masami and Nishizawa, Akihiko (eds.), Hinkon to shakaiteki haijo [Poverty and Social Exclusion]. Kyoto : Minerva Shobou, pp. 15-41.
• Japan Institute of Labour, 2003, Boshi setai no haha eno shuugyou shien ni kansuru kenkyuu (Chousa kenkyuu houkokusho 156) [Research on Support for Working Mothers in Lone-mother Household (Research Report 156)]. Tokyo : Japan Institute of Labour.
• Kambara, Fumiko, 2006, “The Reason Why Most of the Single-mother Households in Japan Are Poor,” in Sawaguchi, Keiichi and Kambara, Fumiko (eds.), National Family Research of Japan 2003 (NFRJ03) Second Report No. 2 : Parents and Children, Brothers and Sisters, and Support Network. Tokyo : NFRJ Committee, Japan Society of Family Sociology, pp. 121-135.
• Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1999, Report on the Socioeconomic Survey of Vital Statistics : Children in Divorced Household. Tokyo : Health and Welfare Statistics Association.
• Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2000, Rikon ni kansuru toukei : Jinkou doutai toukei tokushu houkoku [Divorce Statistics : Special Report on Vital Statistics]. Tokyo : Health and Welfare Statistics Association.
• Motozawa, Miyoko, 1998, Rikon kyuufu no kenkyuu [Study of Financial Provision on Divorce]. Tokyo : Ichiryuusha.
• Murakami, Akane, 2009, “Rikon ni yotte josei no seikatsu wa dou henka suru ka? [How Do Women’s Lives Change after Divorce?],” Kikan Kakei Keizai Kenkyuu [Japanese Journal of Research on Household Economics], 84, pp. 36-45.
• Nagase, Nobuko, 2004, “Ribetsu boshi setai no shuugyou to chingin keiro [Employment and Wage Paths of Divorced Lone-mother Household],” Paper read at the 108th conference of Society for the Study of Social Policy, May 22, 2004, Tokyo.
• OECD, 2001, OECD Employment Outlook, June 2001. Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
• Onai, Toru, 2005, “Change of Employment System and the Future of Academic Career-oriented Society,” Gendai Shakaigaku Kenkyuu [Contemporary Sociological Studies], 18, pp. 17-37.
• Roemer, John. E., 1998, Theories of Distributive Justice. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
• Round Table by Lawyers, 1955, “Rikon no isharyou to zaisan bunyo [Compensation and Division of Property on Divorce],” Houritsu no Hiroba, 8(5), pp. 26-35.
• Sato, Toshiki, 2000, Fubyoudou shakai nihon [Unequal Society Japan]. Tokyo : Chuuoukouron-Shinsha.
• Shimoebisu, Miyuki, 2008, Youiku-hi seisaku ni miru kokka to kazoku [Family, State and Child Support Policy]. Tokyo : keiso shobo.
• Shinotsuka, Eiko, 1992, “Boshi setai no hinkon wo meguru mondai [Issues Related to Poverty among Lone-mother Households],” Nihon Keizai Kenkyuu [JCER Economic Journal]. 22, pp. 77-118.
• Tamiya, Yuko and Shikata, Masato, 2007, “Work and Childcare in Single Mother Families : A Comparative Analysis of Mother’s Time Allocation,” Quarterly of Social Security Research, 43(3), pp. 219?231.
• Tanaka, Sigeto, 2008, “Career, Family, and Economic Risks : A Quantitative Analysis of Gender Gap in Post-divorce Life,” in Nakai, Miki and Sugino, Isamu (eds.), 2005-nen SSM chousa siriizu 9 : Raifu kosu, raifu sutairu kara mita shakai kaisou [2005 SSM Research Series 9: Social Stratification from Life Course and Lifestyle Perspective]. Sendai : 2005-nen SSM Chousa Kenkyuu-kai, pp. 21-33.
• Wagatsuma, Sakae, 1953, Kaisei shinzoku, souzoku-hou kaisetsu [Amended Family and Inheritance Law] (12th impression). Tokyo: Nihon Hyouron Shinsha.

Acknowledgement

The data for this secondary analysis, National Family Research of Japan 2003 (NFRJ03) by the NFRJ Committee, Japan Society of Family Sociology, was provided by the Social Science Japan Data Archive, Information Center for Social Science Research on Japan, Institute of Social Science, the University of Tokyo.

ERRATA

There are some errors in the published book as follows.

[Page 227, line 21] Insert “e” before “ducation” (=“education”)

[Page 230, line 14] Split the paragraph between “disadvantage.” and “We take an example”

Related sites and pages

• Tohoku University GCOE Program
• SSJ Data Archive (University of Tokyo) / NFRJ03
• Japan Society of Family Sociology / National Family Research of Japan / NFRJ03 outline
• Tohoku University Press / Page for the book (in Japanese)
• NFRJ page by Tanaka
• Japanese version (in Japanese)
• Presentation at the GCOE International Seminar (2009-08-04 Sendai)
• Presentation at the 11th GCOE Monthly Seminar (2009-09-09 Sendai)
• Similar analysis with SSM2005-J (in 2005 SSM Research Series, vol. 9, 2008)
• Similar analysis with NFRJ98 and NFRJ08 (Presentation at JSFS 20th conference, 2010-09-12 Tokyo)

Tohoku University / Faculty of Arts and Letters / Applied Japanese Linguistics / TANAKA Sigeto / Family Changes in an Aging Society with Low Fertility

Copyright (c) 2010 TANAKA Sigeto

History of this page:

• 2010-07-21:Created
• 2010-07-21:Minor correction
• 2010-07-31:Table of Contents, Tables, and References added
• 2010-08-01:PDF full-text file uploaded